The Periodic Table

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  Group  
  1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18  
1
1
H
 
2
He
 
2
3
Li
4
Be
 
5
B
6
C
7
N
8
O
9
F
10
Ne
 
3
11
Na
12
Mg
 
13
Al
14
Si
15
P
16
S
17
Cl
18
Ar
 
4
19
K
20
Ca
21
Sc
22
Ti
23
V
24
Cr
25
Mn
26
Fe
27
Co
28
Ni
29
Cu
30
Zn
31
Ga
32
Ge
33
As
34
Se
35
Br
36
Kr
 
5
37
Rb
38
Sr
39
Y
40
Zr
41
Nb
42
Mo
43
Tc
44
Ru
45
Rh
46
Pd
47
Ag
48
Cd
49
In
50
Sn
51
Sb
52
Te
53
I
54
Xe
 
6
55
Cs
56
Ba
71
Lu
72
Hf
73
Ta
74
W
75
Re
76
Os
77
Ir
78
Pt
79
Au
80
Hg
81
Tl
82
Pb
83
Bi
84
Po
85
At
86
Rn
 
7
87
Fr
88
Ra
103
Lr
104
Rf
105
Db
106
Sg
107
Bh
108
Hs
109
Mt
110
Ds
111
Rg
112
Cn
113
Nh
114
Fl
115
Mc
116
Lv
117
Ts
118
Og
 
 
Lanthanides
57
La
58
Ce
59
Pr
60
Nd
61
Pm
62
Sm
63
Eu
64
Gd
65
Tb
66
Dy
67
Ho
68
Er
69
Tm
70
Yb
Actinides
89
Ac
90
Th
91
Pa
92
U
93
Np
94
Pu
95
Am
96
Cm
97
Bk
98
Cf
99
Es
100
Fm
101
Md
102
No

Legend
Solid Solid Liquid Liquid Gas Gas Synthetic Synthetic
Alkali metals Alkali metals Alkali earth metals Alkali earth metals Transition metals Transition metals Rare earth metals
Other metals Other metals Noble gases Noble gases   Halogens Other nonmetals Hydrogen
    Other metals Semi-metals Noble gases Other non-metals    
 
Periodic Table first discovered in 1869 by Dmitry I. Mendeleyev is a way of presenting all the elements so as to show their similarities and differences. The elements are arranged in increasing order of atomic number(Z) as you go from left to right accross the table. The horizontal rows a called periods and the vertical rows, groups.
A noble gas is found at the right hand side of each period. There is a progression from metals to non-metals across each period. Elements found in groups (e.g. alkali, halogens) have a similar electronic configuration. The number of electrons in outer shell is the same as the number of the group (e.g. lithium 2·1).
The block of elements between groups II and III are called transition metals. These are similar in many ways; they produce colored compounds, have variable valency and are often used as catalysts. Elements 57 to 71 are known as lanthanide or rare earth elements. These elements are found on earth in only very small amounts.
Elements 89 to 103 are known as the actinide elements. They include most of the will known elements which are found in nuclear reactions. The elements with larger atomic numbers than 92 do not occur naturally. They have all been produced artificially by bombarding other elements with particles.