Ions Reference Handout

Ions Reference

Greek Prefixes

Mono-
Di-
Tri-
Tetra-
Penta-
Hexa-
Hepta-
Octa-
Nona-
Deca-

Common Acids
HCl Hydrochloric Acid
H₂SO₄ Sulfuric Acid
HNO₃ Nitric Acid
HC₂H₃O₂ Acetic Acid
H₃PO₄ Phosphoric Acid

The Most Common
Polyatomic Ions
C₂H₃O₂^– Acetate     NH₄⁺ Ammonium
CN^– Cyanide     NO₃^– Nitrate
CO₃^2– Carbonate      OH^– Hydroxide
SO₄^2– Sulfate      PO₄^3– Phosphate
HCO₃^– hydrogen carbonate (bicarbonate)

Common Compounds
H₂O Water
NH₃ Ammonia
CH₄ Methane
C₂H₅OH or CH₃CH₂OH or C₂H₆O Ethanol

Cations

Ammonium

NH₄⁺

Cadmium

Cd²⁺

Chromium(III)
chromic

Cr³⁺

Cobalt(II)
cobaltous

Co²⁺

Copper(I)
cuprous

Cu⁺

Copper(II)
cupric

Cu²⁺

Hydrogen

H⁺

Iron(II)
ferrous

Fe²⁺

Iron(III)
ferric

Fe³⁺

Lead(II)
plumbous

Pb²⁺

Lead(IV)
plumbic

Pb⁴⁺

Manganese(II)
manganous

Mn²⁺

Mercury(I)
mercurous

Hg₂²⁺

Mercury(II)
mercuric

Hg²⁺

Scandium

Sc³⁺

Silver

Ag⁺

Tin(II)
stannous

Sn²⁺

Tin(IV)
stannic

Sn⁴⁺

Titanium(IV)

Ti⁴⁺

Zinc

Zn²⁺

Anions

Acetate

C₂H₃O₂^–

Arsenate

AsO₄^3–

Borate

BO₃^3–

Carbonate

CO₃^2–

Chlorate

ClO₃^–

Chlorite

ClO₂^–

Chromate

CrO₄^2–

Cyanide

CN^–

Dichromate

Cr₂O₇^2–

Dihydrogen Phosphate

H₂PO₄^–

Hydride

H^–

Hydrogen Carbonate

HCO₃^–

Hydrogen phosphate

HPO₄^2–

Hydrogen sulfate

HSO₄^–

Hydroxide

OH^–

Hypochlorite

ClO^–

Nitrate

NO₃^–

Nitrite

NO₂^–

Perchlorate

ClO₄^–

Permanganate

MnO₄^–

Phosphate

PO₄^3–

Selenate

SeO₄^2–

Sulfate

SO₄^2–

Sulfite

SO₃^2–

Thiocyanate

SCN^–

Thiosulfate

S₂O₃^2–

Monatomic Ions by Group Number in the Periodic Table
Group	Charge	Example Ion	Name
1	+1	Li⁺	Lithium
2	+2	Ca²⁺	Calcium
13	+3	Al³⁺	Aluminum
15	-3	P^3–	Phosphide
16	-2	S^2–	Sulfide
17	-1	Br^–	Bromide